The properties of Ol Doinyo Lengai's magmas have been used as an analogue for the conditions on carbon planets these are planets which are rich in carbon. Ol Doinyo Lengai is the only volcano on Earth known to have erupted carbonatitic lavas during historical times, although these rocks make up only a small fraction of the volcano and only occur in the northern crater they only recently appeared on the volcano. Most of the volcanic cone is formed by melilite, nephelinite and phonolite. Other volcanoes in the area are Gelai northeast and Ketumbeine southeast of Ol Doinyo Lengai farther away are the Olduvai Gorge west and Kilimanjaro mountain east of the volcano. Over time, volcanic activity shifted northeastward to the present-day Ol Doinyo Lengai. The volcano is part of the Ngorongoro volcanic highland, a system of volcanoes that were active from the Miocene to present, and which includes the Ngorongoro and other volcanoes. The Natron Fault, the western boundary of the Gregory Rift in the area, passes just southwest of the volcano. In the Gregory Rift, spreading began about 1.2 million years ago and is ongoing at a rate of about 3 millimetres per year (0.12 in/year). The East African Rift is a continental rift extending from eastern to southern Africa over a length of 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi), where there is high heat flow through a thinned crust. Ol Doinyo Lengai is part of the Gregory Rift, which is part of the active East African Rift. Their occurrence may have been influenced by regional fault systems. There are deposits of past debris avalanches around the volcano, especially on its northern flank one such event has left a scar on the volcano's flanks. There are parasitic vents on Ol Doinyo Lengai's flanks, such as Kirurum Crater on the western, the Nasira cones on the northern, Dorobo crater on the northeastern and Oltatwa Crater on the eastern flank. White volcanic ash deposits cover the slopes of the volcano, which have large fractures on the western flank. The southern crater is inactive and sometimes filled with water. Small cones with sizes ranging from 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) to over 10 metres (33 ft) occur in the crater and produce lava flows from their summits and, when they collapse, from their flanks. The floor of the northern crater is covered with lava flows that resemble pahoehoe lavas. It has two craters on either side of the mountain summit, which is formed by a 110 metres (360 ft) high ridge. Ol Doinyo Lengai is a symmetric cone that rises more than 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) above the surrounding rift valley. As of 2012 about 300,000 people live in the region, and livestock farming is the most important economic activity although tourism is increasingly important. The summit was first explored between 19. Ol Doinyo Lengai lies in Tanzania, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south of Lake Natron and 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Arusha. Other names are Basanjo, Donjo Ngai, Duenjo Ngai, Mongogogura, Mungogo wa Bogwe and Oldonyo L'Engai. The Maasai and Sonjo people refer to the volcano as "The Mountain of God", viewing it as the abode of the god Engai, who withdrew there after being hit by a hunter with an arrow. Recent eruptions in 2007-2008 impacted the surrounding region. Uniquely for volcanoes on Earth, it has erupted natrocarbonatite, an unusual, cold and highly fluid type of magma. It consists of a volcanic cone with two craters, the northern of which has erupted during historical time. There, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate combine to make "natro carbonatite," or "natron." Without it, it's likely that the mummies in the sarcophagi would have wound up mere bones and hair.Ol Doinyo Lengai is an active volcano in Tanzania. The streets were repaved specifically for this event, and each pharaoh's shock-absorbent chariot was filled with a nitrogen mixture to protect from the elements.īut how did the Ancient Egyptians figure out their highly complex embalming and mummification technique to begin with? Most likely, Mother Nature was the teacher, starting with salt deposits in dry lake beds in Natron Valley, Wadi El Natrun, as Saltwork Consultations explains. Dubbed The Pharaohs' Golden Parade, the mummies were transported in a multimillion dollar golden motorcade of lavish fanfare, horse-mounted guards, and attendants adorned in ancient garb. As the BBC outlines, 22 pharaohs, arranged in order of reign, starting with Seqenenre Taa II and ending in Ramses IX, traveled seven kilometers across Cairo to the new National Museum of Egyptian Civilization. In April, 2021, this exact thing happened.
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